“Fairyland”: Kin’s domain as a place of utopia and experiment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/2500-1809-2023-8-4-121-136Keywords:
kin's domains, ecovillage, Ringing Cedars, intentional communities, leadership, utopia, experiment, commune, new Age, do-it-yourselfAbstract
The article focuses on kin’s domains - plots of at least one hectare, which became so called since the early 2000s, after the publication of the series of books by Vladimir Megre - Ringing Cedars of Russia. Megre described his meeting with the Siberian hermit Anastasia and her nostalgic stories about the kin’s domain settlements of the Vedic Russia. Readers, inspired by this narrative of the ‘golden age’, tried to create this utopia in different Russian regions - according to the followers, there are more than 500 such settlements. Kin’s domain is usually organized on agricultural land and needs the entire infrastructure, so practical skills, technical knowledge and creativity are valued by the participants. In many ways, such settlements follow the global trend of ecovillages as laboratories of sustainable development, autonomy, harmonious coexistence of man and nature, spiritual development and healing. The author shows how the economic and ideological crisis of the 1990s determined the rise of alternative teachings and the enthusiasm of builders of a bright future. At the same time, many active participants of first ecovillages and kin’s domains followed the Soviet discourse, emphasizing the significance of Soviet morality and creative self-activity. The article is based on the field studies conducted in 2008-2021 in kin’s domain settlements and at the meetings of Anastasians, and on the Internet sources.References
Andelson J. G. (2002) Coming together and breaking apart: Sociogenesis and Schismogenesis in intentional communities.Intentional Community: An Anthropological Perspective. (S. L. Brown Ed.), State University of New York Press, pp. 131-151.
Andreeva J. O. (2012) Issues of power and self-government in the religious movement ‘Anastasia': Ideal images of kin's domain settlements and ideas of ‘dreams coming true'. Anthropological Forum, no 17, pp. 101-128. (In Russian)
Andreeva J. (2021) Traditions and the imagined past in the Russian Anastasian intentional communities. Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics, vol. 15, no 2, pp. 25-42.
Bolotova A. A. (2002) New cultural codes in contemporary Russia. Ecological settlements: Between the city and the village. Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, vol. 5, no 1, pp. 43-69. (In Russian)
Brednikova O. (2013). Is the village dead? Long live the village (once again on differences between the city and the village). Far from Cities. Life of the Post-Soviet Village. (E. Bogdanova, O. Brednikova Eds.), Saint Petersburg: Alethea, pp. 28-59. (In Russian)
Brown S. (2002) Introduction.Intentional Community: An Anthropological Perspective. (S. L. Brown Ed.), State University of New York Press, pp. 1-15.
Davidov V. (2015) Beyond formal environmentalism: Eco-nationalism and the ‘ringing cedars' of Russia. Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment, vol. 37, no 1, pp. 2-13.
Farkas J. (2017) ‘Very little heroes': History and roots of the ecovillage movement. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, vol. 62, no 1, pp. 69-87.
Fedotova S. (2018) Fedor and Elena Lazutins. URL: http://kovcheg-village.ru/novosti/fyo-dor-i-elena-lazutiny. (In Russian)
Golubev A., Smolyak O. (2013) Making selves through making things: Soviet do-it-your-self culture and practices of late Soviet subjectivation. Cahiers du Monde Russe, vol. 54, no 3-4, pp. 517-542.
Gordeeva I. A. (2003) ‘Forgotten People'. History of the Russian Communitarian Movement, Moscow: AIRO-HH. (In Russian)
Horáková H. (2018) Modern rurality, neoliberalism, and utopias: The anthropologist's account. Utopia and Neoliberalism: Ethnographies of Rural Spaces. (H. Horáková, Boscoboinik, R. Smith Eds.), Münster: LIT Verlag, pp. 9-44.
Ivanova O. (2021) Interaction of the state and the ‘Ringing Cedars of Russia' movement. From Kin's Domains to the Far Eastern Hectare: Non-Trivial Issues of Public Administration and Municipal Government, Moscow: Khamovniki, Common Place, pp. 12-52. (In Russian)
Kasatkina A. K. (2019) Dacha's Conversations as an Object of Reactive Research: A Method for Development (based on the interviews with gardening communities' participants in the 1980s - 1990s) (PhD Thesis), Saint Petersburg: Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of RAS. (In Russian)
Konakov A. (2022) Shrinking World: History of the ‘Incredible' in the Late USSR, Moscow: Garazh. (In Russian)
Liftin K. (2012) A whole new way of life: Ecovillages and revitalization of deep community. The Localization Reader: Adapting to the Coming Downshift. R. D. Young, T. Princen (Eds.), Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 129-140.
Mardache A. C. (2016) Intentional communities in Romania. Story of their beginnings. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series VII: Social Sciences, Law, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 97-104.
Megre V. N. (2002) The Book of Kin, Moscow-Saint Petersburg: Dilya. (In Russian)
Megre V. N. (2005) Co-Creation. Book 4, Saint Petersburg: Dilya. (In Russian)
Meijering L. (2012) Ideals and practices of European ecovillages. RCC Perspectives, no. 8: Realizing Utopia: Ecovillage Endeavors and Academic Approaches, pp. 31-42.
Melnikova E. A. (2020) Biographies of those moving from the city to the village, and the rhetoric of self-transformation in contemporary Russia. Ethnographic Review, no 6, pp. 88-105. (In Russian)
Miller T. (2016) Intentional communities: The evolution of enacted utopianism. Revisionism and Diversification in New Religious Movements. (E. Barker Ed.), London-New York: Routledge, pp. 213-226.
Mitrokhin N. (2020) Soviet intelligentsia in search of a miracle: Religiosity and parascience in the USSR in 1953-1985. New Literary Observer, no 3, pp. 51-78. (In Russian)
Panchenko A. A. (2003) Utopia of the ‘Last Testament'.Russian Notes, no 3, pp. 314-322. (In Russian)
Panchenko A. A. (2013) Money, egoism and the end of the world: ‘Spiritual economy' of new religious movements. Fetish and Taboo: Russian Anthropology of Money. (A. Arkhipova, J. Fruchtmann Eds.), Moscow: OGI, pp. 468-482. (In Russian)
Polsky I. (2022) The Man Who Overtook Time, Moscow: AREP. (In Russian)
Pozanenko A. A. (2020) Factors determining success of kin's domain settlements. ECO, no 2, pp. 143-157. (In Russian)
Pozanenko N. N., Pozanenko A. A. (2021) Two teachings, two ways of life: Anastasian and Roerich settlers in rural areas. Bulletin of the Tomsk University. Philosophy. Sociology. Political Science, vol. 64, pp. 163-171. (In Russian)
Pranskevičiūtė-Amoson R. (2018) Negotiation of the prehistoric past for the creation of the global future: ‘Back to nature' worldview and the golden age myth among Lithuanian Anastasians.International Journal for the Study of New Religions, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 285-302.
Sallustio M. (2021) Nostalgic confessions in the French Cévennes: Politics of longing in the neo-peasant initiatives. Ecological Nostalgias: Memory, Affect and Creativity in Times of Ecological Upheavals. (O. Angé, D. Berliner Eds.), New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 60-83.
Sokolov M. (Ed.) (2004) Ecovillages in Russia and the USA, vol. 10, Saint Petersburg: Center for Independent Sociological Studies. (In Russian)
Sutcliffe S. (2000) A colony of seekers: Findhorn in the 1990s. Journal of Contemporary Religion, vol. 15, no 2, pp. 215-231.
Urbańczyk J. (2017) ‘‘What if it is actually true?'': Vissarion's followers from Eastern Europe and their path to the Last Testament church community in Siberia. Nova Religio, vol. 20, no 3, pp. 74-100.
Vasilyeva Z. (2012) Do-it-yourself practices and technical knowledge in late Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia. Tsantsa, no 17, pp. 28-32.
Vilkov D. (2021) Self-organization in kin's domain settlements as a substitute for official power. From Kin's Domains to the Far Eastern Hectare: Non-Trivial Issues of Public Administration and Municipal Government, Moscow: Khamovniki, Common Place, pp. 128-161. (In Russian)
Zadorin I. V., Maltseva D. V., Khomyakova A. P., Shubina L. V. (2014) Alternative rural settlements in Russia: Spontaneous internal migration or deliberate transfer to the future, Labyrinth, no 2, pp. 64-77. (In Russian)