Потерянный рай: феномен "советско-корейских передовых колхозов" в Средней Азии (Часть 2)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/2500-1809-2024-9-4-159-177Ключевые слова:
советско-корейские передовые колхозы в Средней Азии, компетентный и самоотверженный руководитель, эффективная организация труда, колхозный город-сад, многонациональная дружественная община, центральная Азия, повышение благосостояния сообществаАннотация
В истории советских колхозных исследований «феномен передового колхоза (колхоза-миллионера)» остается почти неисследованным, хотя это был заметный социально-экономический феноменом. Члены корейских передовых колхозов Средней Азии, существовавших с конца 1930-х по 1980-е годы, сначала адаптировались к колхозной системе посредством самоотверженного труда, а затем активно создавали социально-культурные институты внутри колхозной системы для общего блага не только этнических корейцев, но и коренного населения. В региональном масштабе подавляющее большинство «корейских передовых колхозов», в том числе легендарные «Полярная звезда» и «Политотель», действовали в Узбекистане, реже в Казахстане. Видимо, корейские передовые колхозы Средней Азии достигли пика сельскохозяйственного социалистического развития советского типа в 1960-е - 1970-е годы. Эти богатые корейские колхозы создали сильную социальную инфраструктуру и заложили основу современной живой культуры. Местные общие ресурсы были созданы ими за счет своих богатых неделимых фондов, потребительских и культурных фондов. Корейские колхозы-миллионеры не только обеспечили деревне прекрасную материально-техническую базу типа города-сад, основанную на высоких экономических показателях, но и жили в гармоничной многонациональной общине, пользуясь различными социальными благами городского типа.Библиографические ссылки
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